The UK new car market fell by -2.5% to 139,345 units in January, according to data released today by the Society of Motor manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), as weak consumer confidence and tough economic conditions combined to deliver the fourth consecutive month of decline.
Registrations by both fleet and private buyers were down in the month, by -3.7% and -0.5% respectively. Business registrations rose by 2.4% although, as a very small portion of the market, this translated to just 55 additional units.
Reflecting a continuation of ongoing trends, petrol car registrations dropped by -15.3% to comprise just over half (50.3%) the market, with diesel down -7.7% to claim a 6.2% share. Both hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) recorded volume growth and saw their market shares rise to 13.2% and 9.0% respectively. Battery electric vehicle (BEV) registrations, meanwhile, continued recent growth trends, with volumes up by 41.6% year on year to take a 21.3% market share.
Despite the increase in the month, BEV market share still remains short of the 22% target set by government for last year, and even further behind the 28% requirement for 2025. This gap between demand and ambition is why the review of the Vehicle Emissions Trading Scheme and its flexibilities is essential and must deliver meaningful changes urgently, else there will likely be significant negative consequences for the market, industry and, potentially, the consumer.
Significant manufacturer investment both in new products and, last year, more than £4.5 billion worth of discounts, helped many drivers make the switch, but more consumers are still reticent, looking for greater encouragement from government and elsewhere. Private retail buyers still lack a meaningful fiscal incentive to buy an EV and, moreover, the application of the Vehicle Excise Duty ‘Expensive Car Supplement’ (ECS) to BEVs in just two months comes at the worst time for the industry. It means EV models costing more than £40,000 – the majority on the market, given higher production costs – will incur a £3,110 tax bill over the first six years of ownership – compared with zero at present.1 The change will impact both the new and used car markets, undermining the goal of a mass market transition. As a result, the industry is calling for tax plans to be revised to ensure the system is fair and avoids dissuading those who want to buy an EV.
Mike Hawes, SMMT Chief Executive, said, “January’s figures show EV demand is growing – but not fast enough to deliver on current ambitions. Affordability remains a major barrier to uptake, hence the need for compelling measures to boost demand, and not just from manufacturers. The application, therefore, of the ‘Expensive Car Supplement’ to VED on electric vehicles is the wrong measure at the wrong time. Rather than penalising EV buyers, we should be taking every step to encourage more drivers to make the switch, helping meet government, industry and societal climate change goals.”
The threshold for the ECS – dubbed the ‘luxury car tax’ when launched – has remained unchanged at £40,000 since it was set eight years ago, when the overall market was 30% larger than today and BEVs barely featured. With more than twice as many BEVs registered this January than in the whole of 2017,2 raising the eligibility threshold for EVs – or exempting them from the ECS entirely – would send the message that EVs are essentials, not luxuries, and ensure vehicle taxation remains fair and appropriate for today’s market conditions.
The latest market outlook anticipates the new car market declining slightly in 2025 by -0.2% to 1.95 million units, with BEV uptake rising by 20.9% to 462,000 – a 23.7% market share, but still short of the mandated 28% target for the year. The gap is anticipated to widen in 2026, when BEVs are expected to comprise 28.3% against a target of 33%. The growing disparity between market demand and regulated targets further underscores the need for substantive market incentives that match ambition.
Nick Williams, Managing Director, Lex Autolease, part of Lloyds Banking Group said: “This year will be pivotal for the electric vehicle industry and the UK has an opportunity to be a world leader in decarbonising transport. Manufacturers will be buoyed by steady growth in electric vehicle registrations and the emergence of the UK as Europe’s biggest market for EV sales in 2024. However, more needs to be done to boost consumer confidence in EV technology and range levels, as well as the country’s ability to meet its ambitious targets. We need a concerted effort to meet the country’s ZEV mandate, with dealers, manufacturers and government pulling together to reinforce the benefits of electric vehicles, dispel myths and help divers find the right hybrid or fully electric vehicles to meet their needs.”
Jamie Hamilton, automotive partner and head of electric vehicles at Deloitte, said: “It’s been a slow start for UK car sales in 2025 and the electric vehicle surge needs a bigger push. Without clearer industry support, a fully electric future risks stalling on the road.
“Deloitte research shows a strong majority (80%) of UK consumers who intend to purchase an electric vehicle plan to charge their vehicle at home, compared to other options such as public charging stations (10%) or at work (11%). While convenient for some, this highlights a significant barrier to EV adoption for those without a driveway. A robust and reliable public charging network is essential to give all drivers the confidence to make the switch.
“The government’s reported plans to introduce subsidies for EV consumer loans could provide a much-needed boost to the private market. Making EVs more financially accessible is crucial to driving mass adoption and achieving net zero ambitions. However, this must be part of a broader strategy that provides manufacturers clarity on 2030 Zero Emission Vehicle targets and addresses the needs of all drivers, including investment in public charging infrastructure.”
Jon Lawes, Managing Director at Novuna Vehicle Solutions comments: “The rise in EV registrations at the start of the year is a positive signal, and proposed subsidies for EV loans may encourage drivers to make the switch.
“However, financial incentives alone will not resolve the deeper challenges facing the EV market. Manufacturers remain in limbo over the Zero Emission Vehicle mandate, which requires a 45% increase in EV sales over the previous year. Moreover, escalating trade tensions, particularly the threat of tariffs from the United States, risk inflating costs and stalling momentum in EV adoption and potentially igniting a trade war that could have damaging effects on both sides. With so many uncertainties and trade disputes looming, the Government must set out a clear industrial and trade strategy—one that fosters long-term growth rather than relying on short-term fixes.”
